CATEGORIA
Italian Condottieri
The Da Fogliano: A Dynasty of Reggio Emilia Between Guelphs, Ghibellines, and Family Blood
A feudal dynasty shaped by shifting alliances and family feuds The fortunes of the family begin in the 12th century with Guido I da Fogliano,...
Giovambattista Savelli: Soldier, Scholar, and Captain-General of Renaissance Italy
How one captain served the Church, the Empire, and the Medici across four decades Lord of Palombara Sabina, Antrodoco, and Otricoli. Son of Jacopo Savelli,...
Marco Sciarra, the Brigand Who Called Himself God’s Scourge
The Rise and Fall of Italy's Robin Hood in the Late 1500s MARCO SCIARRA (Marco Sciarpa). Brigand. From Abruzzo. Originally from Castiglione, in the parish...
Paolo Fregoso: Archbishop, Corsair, and Three-Time Doge of Genoa
A Genoese nobleman who wore the archbishop's mitre and the corsair's flag with equal conviction PAOLO FREGOSO. Of Genoa. Corsair. Doge. Archbishop of Genoa and...
Niccolò Maria Rangoni: Condottiere, Patron, and Man of the Renaissance Courts
How a fifteenth-century condottiere balanced battlefield command with the patronage of letters NICCOLÒ MARIA RANGONI. From Modena. Count of Castelcrescente and Borgofranco (Castelfranco Emilia). Lord...
Richard Musard: The English Mercenary Who Chose One Master
How an illegitimate English nobleman built a career on absolute loyalty in fourteenth-century Italy English. Illegitimate son of Lord Malcolm Musard. Lord of Aiguebelle. Death: 1383,...
Tommaso da San Severino: The Most Powerful Condottiere of Angevin Naples
Viceroy, Condottiere, Traitor: The Rise and Fall of Tommaso da San Severino TOMMASO DA SAN SEVERINO Count of Tricarico, of Montescaglioso, of Marsico and of...
Renato da Trivulzio: The Man Who Stopped the Swiss at Crevola
Renato da Trivulzio and the Defense of the Northern Valleys (Raniero da Trivulzio, known as Renato) From Milan. Lord of Formigara. Father of Francesco da...
Erasmo da Trivulzio: The Visconti Marshal Between Milan and Genoa
The Siege of Genoa and the Fall of Erasmo da Trivulzio ERASMO DA TRIVULZIO / ARASMINO DA TRIVULZIO, Marquess of Varzi. Lord of Brescello. Born: 1383Death:...
Giovan Francesco da San Severino: Prudence and Power in the Renaissance
A Bibliographic Profile of a Cautious Captain in a Violent Century Count of Caiazzo and Colorno, Marquis of Valenza. Lord of Cittadella, Montorio Veronese, Castelnuovo...
Vitello Vitelli: A Renaissance Commander Defined by Guicciardini
Vitello Vitelli and the Black Bands: Defending Italy in 1527 VITELLO VITELLI, of Città di Castello. Count of Montone. Lord of Mercatello sul Metauro and...
Bernardino Degli Ubaldini Della Carda: The Mercenary Who Escaped the Forni of Monza
Bernardino della Carda and the Bloody Rivalry with Niccolò Fortebraccio BERNARDINO DEGLI UBALDINI DELLA CARDA From Apecchio. Count of Apecchio. Lord of Apecchio, Frontone, Vespolate, and...
The Hatchet and the Hegemon: The Violent Life of Boffo da Massa
From Rebel to Lord: How a Fourteenth-Century Mercenary Defied the Papacy BOFFO DA MASSA (Boffo Tebaldeschi), from Massa Lombarda. A fuoriuscito (an exile and rebel...
The Cost of Victory: Fieramosca’s Lost Fiefs and Spanish Court Politics
Ettore Fieramosca: From Spanish Mercenary to Italian Nationalist Myth ETTORE FIERAMOSCA (Hector Fieramosca) of Capua. Count of Mignano Monte Lungo and of Miglionico; Baron of...
Lodrisio Visconti: The Hungry Viper of the Milanese Borderlands
The Parabiago Massacre: Lodrisio’s Gamble for the Throne LODRISIO VISCONTI (Louis Visconti, Luigi Visconti) of Milan. Lord of Castelseprio, Crenna, Besnate, and Crema. Cousin of...
Mercenary Ambition: The Military Record of Giovanni Ordelaffi
Arrogance and Steel: The Contradictory Character of Giovanni the Fearless Giovanni Ordelaffi of Forlì. Called Giovanni the Fearless. Nephew of Francesco Ordelaffi, cousin of Pino...
Francesco I Gonzaga: Ruthless Strategies of a Mantuan Captain
The Execution of Agnese Visconti and the Rise of Francesco I FRANCESCO I GONZAGA. Of Mantua. Count and marquis of Mantua. Lord of Lonato, Castel...
Brunoro II Zampeschi: Renaissance Commander Who Rejected Court Flattery
The Scholarly Warrior: Brunoro Zampeschi's Uncommon Path Through Renaissance Italy Brunoro II Zampeschi (Brunoro II Zampeschi), of Forlì. Lord of Forlimpopoli. Papal vicar of Forlimpopoli,...
Filippo Strozzi: The Florentine Marshal in Service to France
The tragic conclusion of the Azores expedition and the ruthlessness of Álvaro de Bazán Filippo Strozzi (Filippo Strozzi di Firenze), lord of Épernay and Bressuire,...
Guidantonio da Montefeltro: A Ruler of Prudence and Expansion
Urbino's Golden Age Begins with Guidantonio da Montefeltro Guidantonio da Montefeltro, Count Lord of Urbino, Cagli, Gubbio, Assisi, Bastia Umbra, Nocera Umbra, Montone, Forlì, Forlimpopoli,...
A Captain for Two Empires: Giambattista del Monte’s Art of War
Tracing the career of a condottiero who mastered both the battlefield and the training grounds. Marquis of Pian Castagnaio, Baron of Patentino and Castelvecchio. Son...
A Sword for Any Faction: The Betrayals of Pietro Buso Scotti
How a minor nobleman's violent ambition carved a bloody path through Emilia Pietro Buso Scotti (Pietro Maria Scotti), known as Buso. From Vigoleno. A Ghibelline....
A Body Written in Scars: The Career of Bernardino di Montone
How the nephew of Braccio da Montone built his own formidable reputation Bernardino di Montone (Bernardino Fortebracci), Count. Son of Carlo di Montone, brother of...
Ludovico Gonzaga: The Prudent Prince of Mantua
From the siege of Barga to the defeat at Caravaggio: his key battles Ludovico III Gonzaga – called “il Turco” – Marquis of Mantua. Lord...
Carlo Gonzaga and the Bitter Rivalry for Mantua
A Renaissance figure marked by both grandeur and defeat Lord of Tortona, Bozzolo, Rivarolo Mantovano, Sabbioneta, Viadana, Luzzara, Suzzara, San Martino dall’Argine, Gazzuolo, Gonzaga, Reggiolo,...
Astorre II Manfredi: The Mercenary Prince of Faenza
How the untrustworthy nature of a mercenary commander defined his rule and reputation. Lord of Faenza, Russi, Brisighella, Solarolo, Bagnacavallo, Oriolo dei Fichi, and Modigliana....
Azzo Da Correggio: Medieval Italy’s Most Notorious Betrayer and Petrarch’s Unlikely Friend
Political Assassination in Medieval Verona: Azzo Da Correggio's Manipulation of Mastino Della Scala AZZO DA CORREGGIO. Of Parma. Marquis of Correggio. Lord of Parma, Berceto,...
Astorgio di Durafort: The Pope’s Faithless Commander
A Portrait of the Commander Who Fought Italian Lords and the Black Prince, Conquering Neither. ASTORGIO DI DURAFORT (Hector of Durfort, Nestor of Languedoc) From...
Dalmasio dei Banoli: Spain’s First Mercenary Captain in Medieval Italy
The Spanish Soldier Who Pioneered Professional Warfare in 14th Century Italy Dalmasio dei Banoli (Diego Dalmasio di Bagnolo, Dalmaz di Banyuls, Dominus Dalmaxius, Almasio di...
A Knight’s Honor, A Mercenary’s Fury: The Story of Giovanni Gagliardo
How Giovanni Gagliardo earned a reputation for moral integrity while fighting for France in the Italian Wars. Giovanni Gagliardo (Giovanni Antonio Gagliardo) of Mirandola. Death: 1556 Year,...
Alessandro Vitelli: The Calculating Captain Who Mastered War and Wealth
The psychological profile of a warrior driven by intelligence rather than blind courage Natural son of Paolo Vitelli; brother of Niccolò Vitelli; father of Paolo...
Giovan Francesco della Mirandola: The Scholar-Warrior Who Fought His Own Family
How a multilingual Renaissance scholar became embroiled in decades of family warfare Giovan Francesco della Mirandola (Giovan Francesco Pico della Mirandola). Lord of Concordia and...
Giovanni Battista da Montesecco: The Conspirator with a Conscience
How a mercenary's detailed testimony became a primary source for one of history's most famous plots. Giovanni Battista da Montesecco. From Montesecco. Count. Brother of...
Rinaldo da Monteverde and the Turmoil of Fourteenth Century Fermo
The Fall of Rinaldo da Monteverde in the Wars of Central Italy A Ghibelline. Lord of Fermo, Sant’Elpidio Morico, Montefalcone Appennino, and Montegiorgio. Son-in-law of...
The Fate of Giovanni Pipino d’Altamura in Fourteenth-Century Apulia
Betrayals and shifting alliances in the Kingdom of Naples Giovanni Pipino d’Altamura, Count Palatine of Minervino and Altamura. Lord of Molfetta, Bisceglie, Giovinazzo, Veglie, Loseto,...
Military Career of Roberto da San Severino, Count of Caiazzo
Roberto da San Severino between the Gonzaga and d’Avalos Alliances Roberto da San Severino (Roberto Ambrogio da San Severino). Count of Caiazzo. Lord of Colorno,...
Gabrino Fondulo’s Rise and Fall in Cremona’s Tumultuous Power Struggle
The Treachery and Ambition of Condottiero Gabrino Fondulo Gabrino Fondulo (Cabrino Fondulo) of Soncino. A Guelph. Count of Soncino and Marquis of Castelleone. Lord of...
Napoleone Orsini and the Divided Legacy of a Renaissance Condottiero
The Ambiguous Reputation of Napoleone Orsini in Italy and France Napoleone Orsini. Abbot of Farfa (with an income of 16,000 scudi per year) and of...
Pandolfaccio Malatesta and the Fragmented Rule of Romagna
Bloodlines, allegiances, and control in 15th-century northern Italy Pandolfaccio Malatesta (Pandolfo Malatesta) of Verucchio. Lord of Rimini, Sarsina, Meldola, San Savino, Sant’Andrea in Bagnolo, San...
Galeotto Manfredi and the Tragic Night in Faenza
Condottiero and humanist whose violent death left a lasting legend in Faenza. From Faenza. Count of Val di Lamone. Lord of Faenza, Granarolo, Solarolo, Brisighella,...
Ludovico Colonna, a Condottiero Caught between War and Betrayal in Renaissance Italy
A mercenary captain serving multiple Italian powers during the Renaissance Ludovico Colonna, Count of Santa Severina. Lord of Ardea, Stroncone, and Vasanello. The natural son...
The Life of Bruzio Visconti Poet and Condottiero of Milan
Bruzio Visconti between Poetry and War in 14th Century Italy Bruzio Visconti (Brizio Visconti). Lord of Lodi, Maleo, and Tortona. The illegitimate son of Luchino...
Federico da Montefeltro, Ghibelline Strategist in Fourteenth-Century Italy
A Ghibelline strategist whose downfall was sealed by ecclesiastical rivalry. FEDERICO DA MONTEFELTRO Ghibellino. Conte. Signore di Urbino, Pisa, Cagli e Fano. Padre di Nolfo...
The Turbulent Life of Paolo Giordano Orsini, Duke of Bracciano
Paolo Giordano Orsini: Power, Crime, and Nobility in Late Renaissance Italy Lord of San Polo dei Cavalieri, Cerveteri, Campagnano di Roma, Marcellina, Isola Farnese, Anguillara...
Luigi “Rodomonte” Gonzaga: Renaissance Condottiero Between Books and Battlefields
The Real Story of Luigi “Rodomonte” Gonzaga—Hunter, Scholar, Warrior Luigi "Rodomonte" Gonzaga. Nicknamed Rodomonte for his physical strength. A native of Mantua, he held the...
Lucantonio Cuppano’s Path Through Renaissance Italy’s Most Powerful Courts
The remarkable military career of Giovanni dalle Bande Nere's most trusted captain Lucantonio Cuppano (also known as Lucantonio Coppi, Lucantonio di Montefalco, Lucantonio da Fermo,...
Matteo da Capua: Loyalty and Warfare in Renaissance Italy
The Role of Noble Houses in Italian Warfare: Matteo da Capua’s Experience MATTEO DA CAPUA (Matteo d'Altavilla, Matteo Campano). Count of Palena, Prince of Conca,...
Supporting Sforza: Giovanni da Tolentino and the Seizure of the Duchy of Milan
Giovanni da Tolentino: Master of Arms in Renaissance Italy's Turbulent Era Giovanni da Tolentino (Giovanni Mauruzzi). Count. Lord of Caldarola, Bereguardo, Solero, and Quargnento. Natural...
Guido d’Asciano: The Condottiere Who Defended Bologna’s Honor Through Combat
Blood and Steel: How One Mercenary Captain Silenced Accusations of Cowardice GUIDO D'ASCIANO (Guido Guidi, Guido da Siena, Guido da Sano). From Asciano. Death: 1410 ca. Year,...
Giordano Orsini and the Pursuit of Military Glory Across Europe and North Africa
Knight of the Order of Saint Michael and lord of Monterotondo, Orsini fought across continents before his unexpected death in Brescia. Giordano Orsini of Rome....
The Siege of Milan and the Death of Marcantonio Colonna
Marcantonio Colonna and the Colonna-Orsini Rivalry Lord of Ceccano, Poli, Frascati, Paliano, Nettuno, and Olevano Romano. Brother of Marcello Colonna, Girolamo Colonna, Giulio Colonna, and...
The Fatal Defiance of Donato del Conte in Milanese Politics
Donato del Conte and the Shifting Power After Sforza’s Death Donato del Conte (Donato Borri, Donato da Milano) Nicknamed “del Conte” in reference to the...
Florentine Campaigns and Papal Wars: The Commands of Giovanni degli Obizzi
Giovanni degli Obizzi and the Mercenary Reality of 14th-Century Italy A native of Lucca. An exile. Son of Alamanno degli Obizzi, and father of Antonio...
Louis de Montjoie: Medieval Warrior Who Challenged Popes and Kings
How Arrogance Destroyed a Medieval French Commander's Alliances Louis de Montjoie (Luigi di Montjoie) of Geneva. Probably from a family of Alsatian descent. Lord of...
Virginio Orsini: Between Military Hesitation and Diplomatic Strategy
The Ambitions and Contradictions of Virginio Orsini Virginio Orsini (Gentile Virginio Orsini), Duke of Bracciano. Count of Albe and Tagliacozzo. Count of Campagnano. Baron of...
Spinetta Malaspina: Medieval Italy’s Complex Warlord Between Empire and City-States
The strategic partnerships that defined medieval Italian warfare in the early 1300s Spinetta Malaspina (Spinetta Lancia) of Verrucola. A Ghibelline. Marquis of Lunigiana. Belonging to...
Troilo da Rossano: When Heavy Cavalry Met Swiss Pike Squares
Francesco Sforza's controversial brother-in-law faced the military revolution that ended medieval warfare Troilo da Rossano / Troilo di Muro (Troilo Orsini) of Rossano. Historians from...
From Foot Soldier to Capitano Generale: Gentile da Leonessa’s Venetian Rise
Gentile da Leonessa's Fatal Victory: Death at the Walls of Manerbio Gentile da Leonessa (Gentile Colantonio Beccarini Brunori, Gentile Colantonio della Leonessa). A native of...
Azzo da Castello: The Raiding Master of Medieval Italy
The man who raided enemy lands and died for spectacle AZZO DA CASTELLO (Azzo da Castel Lombardo). From Spezzano. Lord of Spezzano, Formigine, and Sigillo. Death:...
Giovanni Francesco da Bagno’s Rise from Castel Sant’Angelo to Royal Madrid
The Italian Condottiero Who Betrayed the Papacy and Died a Spanish Hero Giovanni Francesco da Bagno (Giovanni Francesco Guidi), Count of Modigliana. Lord of Montebello...
Giampaolo Manfrone: A Veteran Commander Distrusted by Venice
Between loyalty and suspicion in Giampaolo Manfrone's service Lord of Petina. Father of Giulio Manfrone. Born: 1441Death: 1527, October Year, MonthState, Comp. venturaOpponentCommandArea of ActivityActions Undertaken and...
Bartolomeo da Villachiara: Between Ambition and Carnage
The shadow of Bartolomeo da Villachiara in Bergamo campaigns BARTOLOMEO DA VILLACHIARA (Bartolomeo da Martinengo) of Villachiara, Count of Villachiara. Brother of Camillo da Martinengo...
Ambrogio Visconti’s Military Campaigns and the Company of Saint George
Ambrogio Visconti and the Guelphs of Lombardy: A Fatal Encounter Illegitimate son of Bernabò Visconti (Bernabò), and brother of Carlo Visconti (Carlo). Born: 1344 Death: 1373,...
The Campaigns of Luchino dal Verme Across Italy and Crete
Between Visconti and Venice Luchino dal Verme in Service of Power Luchino dal Verme (Rinaldo dal Verme) of Verona. Lord of Monguzzo, Cornate d’Adda, Lurago...
Lucio Malvezzi and the Military Ambitions of Renaissance Nobility
Between tactical restraint and perceived indecision in the age of professionalized warfare Lucio Malvezzi (Lucio Cornelio Malvezzi). From the Cà Granda branch of the family....
Melchiorre Ramazzotto Between Blood Feuds and Papal Campaigns
Land, Power, and Redemption in the Life of Melchiorre Ramazzotto Melchiorre Ramazzotto (also known as Ramazzotto da Scarilacasino, Marchionne da Scaricalasino, Armaciotto dei Ramazzotti, Il...
Bartolomeo Smeducci and the Shifting Power of the Marche
The Fortunes and Betrayals of Bartolomeo delle Vittorie Bartolomeo Smeducci (Bartolomeo da San Severino, Bartolomeo delle Vittorie), from San Severino Marche. Lord of San Severino Marche,...
Teodoro da Trivulzio and the Art of Patience in Wartime
A Lombard commander who unified factions through calculated persistence Teodoro da Trivulzio (Girolamo Teodoro da Trivulzio) of Milan. A Guelf. Count of Lauria, Marquis of...
Alessandro Sforza and the Art of Command in Renaissance Italy
The Military Brilliance and Artistic Vision of Alessandro Sforza Alessandro Sforza (Gregorio Sforza) of Cotignola. Lord of Pesaro, Gradara, and Castelnuovo. Natural son of Muzio...
The Courtly Life of Guidobaldo da Montefeltro in Times of War and Leisure
His role between military campaigns and classical scholarship Of Gubbio. Duke of Urbino. Lord of Gubbio, Cagli, Urbania, Fossombrone, and San Marino. Son of Federico da...
John Thornbury: From Hired Sword to Parliament Bench
Between papal gold and Florentine promises: the military career of John Thornbury JOHN THORNBURY (Giovanni Tornaberini, also known as Giovanni Tornabarile or Giovanni Tornabrill), Englishman....
Tommaso degli Obizzi’s Campaigns under Edward III and the Papal States
Service under the papacy, the House of Este, and the English crown A native of Lucca. Knight of the Order of the Garter. Death: 1408 ca. Year,...
From Florence to Arles: The Commands of Stefano Colonna
Moves And Maneuvers In Stefano Colonna’s Military Path Stefano Colonna of Palestrina. Lord of Palestrina, Gallicano nel Lazio, San Vittorino, and Castelnuovo di Porto. Death: 1548,...
The shifting loyalties of Orso Orsini across Italian and Aragonese fronts
A captain’s career shaped by treaties, defections and military negotiation Count of Nola, count and marquis of Atripalda, count of Soave. Duke of Ascoli. Lord...
Giulio Cesare da Varano Between Campaigns and Conspiracies
The volatile career of Giulio Cesare da Varano across the Marches and Umbria Lord of Camerino, Nocera Umbra, Cerreto d'Esi, Esanatoglia, Gagliole, Fiuminata, Serravalle del...
Carlo Malatesta and the Italian Chessboard of the Quattrocento
A military life marked by devotion, diplomacy, and noble ambitions Of Rimini. Lord of Rimini, Sansepolcro, Cantiano, Bertinoro, Ostra, Scapezzano, Morro d’Alba, Maiolati Spontini, Sant’Arcangelo...
Guido Torelli, A Condottiero at the Court of the Duchy of Milan
Reggio Emilia to Naples the campaigns of a Visconti loyalist GUIDO TORELLI of Mantua. Count of Guastalla and Montechiarugolo, Marquis of Casei Gerola, lord of...
Galeazzo da San Severino, Between Courts Campaigns and Broken Alliances
A feudal lord between courtly display and military commands Galeazzo da San Severino. Of Naples. Known as the Son of Fortune. Marquis of Castelnuovo. A...
Giano Fregoso Genoese Doge and Condottiero in the Italian Wars
The Military Campaigns and Venetian Alliances of Giano Fregoso Giano Fregoso (Giovanni Maria Fregoso). Of Genoa. Doge of Genoa. Father of Cesare Fregoso, Annibale Fregoso,...
Chiappino Vitelli: Between Wars and Betrayal, A Spanish Tercio Officer’s Deadly Defiance
The Italian Mercenary Who Fought for Cosimo de' Medici and Philip II Chiappino Vitelli (Gianluigi Vitelli). From Città di Castello. Marquis of Cetona and Count...
Mostarda da Forlì: Wounds and Victories of an Italian Condottiero
Scars of Glory: The Military Career of Mostarda da Forlì Mostarda da Forlì / Mostarda dalla Strada (Mostarda Perelli). Of obscure origins, Mostarda became lord...
Gaspare da San Severino: The Mercenary Captain Between Glory and Ruin
A Condottiero’s Struggle for Power and Fortune Gaspare da San Severino (Il Fracassa, Fracasso, Gaspare da San Severino d’Aragona). He was nicknamed Fracasso for his...
Giovanni da Sassatello the ruthless condottiero of Imola
Power and brutality in Renaissance Imola the rule of Giovanni da Sassatello Known as Il Cagnaccio. A native of Imola and a staunch Guelph, he...
Ambition and Betrayal: The Story of Filippo Arcelli
A Condottiero’s Battle for Influence in Northern Italy Filippo Arcelli (Filippo Arcelli Fontana). Count and Lord of Piacenza, Castel San Giovanni, Borgonovo Val Tidone, Fiorenzuola...
The Turbulent Life and Crimes of Giberto da Fogliano
Murder and Power: The Ruthless Ambitions of Giberto da Fogliano Lord of Reggio Emilia, Carpineti, Dinazzano, Ventoso, San Valentino, Arceto, Sabbione, Scandiano, Casalgrande, Bagno, Rondinara,...
Galeazzo da Mantova Warrior, Duelist, and Condottiero
Honor and Steel: The Life of Galeazzo da Mantova Galeazzo da Mantova / Galeazzo Cattaneo (also known as Galeazzo Cattaneo dei Grumelli, Galeazzo Grumello, or...
Giovanni Tedesco da Pietramala and the Shifting Alliances of Italy
Giovanni Tedesco da Pietramala From Battlefields to Siena’s Cathedral Giovanni Tedesco da Pietramala (Giovan Marco di Pietramala Tarlati) of Arezzo. Known as Tedesco for having...
Sforza Pallavicini and the Military Conflicts of 16th-Century Europe
Military Engineering and Tactical Warfare in Pallavicini’s Campaigns Sforza Pallavicini of Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Marquess of Cortemaggiore and Busseto, was a nobleman and military leader. He...
The Rule of Ercole d’Este Between Warfare and Economic Challenges
Military Campaigns and Religious Devotion in the Life of Ercole d'Este Ercole d'Este of Ferrara. Duke of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio Emilia. Count of Rovigo....
Niccolò III d’Este, A Life of Power Strategy and Scandal
Niccolò III d’Este’s rule between diplomacy and betrayal Niccolò III d'Este (Niccolò d'Este) – Marquis of Ferrara. Lord of Ferrara, Parma, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Massa...
Antonio da Castello Between the Italian Wars and France
Antonio da Castello’s service under Venice, Florence, and the Papal States Antonio da Castello (Antonio Maria da Castello, Antonio da Perugia). Originating from Città di...
From Perugia to Lepanto: The Military Ambitions of Ascanio della Corgna
A Soldier Who Fought Wars with Blades and Blueprints Ascanio della Corgna (Ascanio della Cornia) of Perugia. Marquis of Castiglione del Lago. Lord of Città...
The Military Mind of Giambattista Castaldo in the Era of Charles V
From Italy to Hungary Giambattista Castaldo’s role in European wars From Nocera dei Pagani or Cesinole, near Cava de' Tirreni. Marquis of Cassano, Count of...
The Life and Campaigns of Pirro Colonna a Controversial Figure in Renaissance Italy
How Pirro Colonna's irascible nature shaped his military career Pirro Colonna (also known as Pirro Baglioni di Castel di Piero, Pirro da Castel di Piero,...
Giovanni Caracciolo’s Influence in the Neapolitan Court
Giovanni Caracciolo the resolute Marshal who redefined French discipline Prince of Melfi, Duke of Ascoli Satriano, Marquis of Atella, Count of Forenza, Baron of Frigento,...
Iacopo Corso: the Life of a Fearless Condottiero in Renaissance Italy
Iacopo Corso’s service to the Papal States and his contributions to the defense of Genoa Iacopo Corso (also known as Jacopo di Bozi and Giacomo...
The Relentless Campaigns of Bisaccione against Brigandage in Renaissance Italy
The downfall of Alfonso Piccolomini and Marco Sciarra at the hands of a condottiero Bisaccione (Bisaccione Bisaccioni). From Jesi. Count. Born: 1541Death: 1603, August Year, MonthState, Comp....
Alfonso Piccolomini, a Turbulent Figure in Renaissance Conflicts
The Duke whose name stirred the Papal States and Tuscany Alfonso Piccolomini of Santa Fiora – Duke of Montemarciano. A Sienese patrician and Count Palatine,...
Cornelio Bentivoglio among Shifting Powers in Ferrara and France
Military shifts in 16th-century Italian states under Cornelio Bentivoglio From Ferrara. Count and Marquis of Gualtieri. Lord of Castell’Ottieri, Magliano in Toscana, Covo, Antegnate, and...
Orazio Baglioni and his Role during Italy’s Turbulent Conflicts
Bloodshed and Loyalty in the Life of a Fierce Condottiero Orazio II Baglioni of Perugia. The illegitimate son of Giampaolo Baglioni, brother of Malatesta Baglioni,...
Ercole Bentivoglio Between Political Strategy and Personal Scandal
Prudence and Controversy in the Life of Ercole Bentivoglio From Bologna, Count Palatine. He was the half-brother of Annibale Bentivoglio, Alessandro Bentivoglio, and Ermes Bentivoglio....
Tiberto Brandolini’s Ambitious Campaigns and Turbulent Relationships
Power and intrigue in Tiberto Brandolini's military career Tiberto Brandolini (Tiberto da Forlì, Tiberto da Bagnacavallo)Originating from Bagnacavallo. Count. Lord of Valmareno, Castelnuovo Fogliani, Lusurasco, Saliceto,...
Giorgio Busicchio’s Military Campaigns from Venice to the Ottoman Frontier
Stradioti raids and cavalry tactics under the command of Giorgio Busicchio A Greek, nephew of Domenico Busicchio and father of Vittore Busicchio. Death: 1528 Year, MonthState, Comp....
Babone Naldi and the Brisigelli Infantry in Venetian Warfare
Babone Naldi and the Military Forces of Romagna in Venetian Wars Babone Naldi (Filiberto Babone Naldi, also known as Babbone da Brisighella), of Brisighella. He...
Baldaccio d’Anghiari Between Ruthlessness and Devotion in Florence
Baldaccio d’Anghiari the Renaissance Condottiero Praised by Machiavelli Baldaccio d’Anghiari (also known as Baldaccio Bruni, Baldaccio Pieri, or Baldaccio da Citerno). Hailing from Ronco, near...
Cesare da Napoli and the Rise of the Spanish Tercio Infantry
Military strategies of Cesare da Napoli in sixteenth-century Europe Cesare da Napoli (Cesare Masi, Cesare Maggi). A native of Naples. Count of Annone and Lord...
Corrado Lupo: A German Warrior’s Influence on the Kingdom of Naples
A Trustworthy Condottiero: Corrado Lupo's Service to Hungary Corrado Lupo/Konrad Wolfhardt (Konrad Wolff von Wolfurt) of Bregenz, in Lower Saxony. Brother of Ulrico Lupo. Lord...
The Count Who Ruled Over Twelve Lordships: Everso dell’Anguillara
A Nobleman's Path of Cruelty and Power Everso dell'Anguillara (Everso Orsini). From Anguillara Sabazia. Count. Lord of Cerveteri, Anguillara Sabazia, Carbognano, Caprarola, Ronciglione, Capranica, Vetralla,...
The Courageous Deeds of Ugo di Monforte
How a German Count Became a Paragon of Loyalty in Italy Ugo di Monforte (Ugo d’Alemagna, Ugo di Montfort)From the Rhineland. Count of Montfort. Death: Circa...
Angelo della Pergola: The Fierce Condottiero Known as the Angel of Fire
Fire and Sword: Angelo della Pergola's Ferocious Path Angelo della Pergola (Angelo del Foco) He was likely born in Pergola, in the district of Madonna del...
Francisco Maldonado’s Downfall Through Greed and Betrayal
A Spanish Captain Executed by His Own Men Francisco Maldonado, Spaniard. Death: 1517 (April) Year, MonthState, Condottieri CompanyOpponentCommandArea of ActivityActions Undertaken and Other Salient Facts1502ChurchHe serves in...
Battles and Sieges Led by Raymond de Turenne
His Role in Medieval Conflicts Between Church and State Raymond de Turenne (Raimondo di Turenna), nephew of two popes, is famously known as the "Scourge...
Pietro Navarrino in the Italian Wars of the Fifteenth Century
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Braccio di Montone: A Strategist of the Medieval Era. Andrea Fortebraccio, widely known as Braccio da Montone, was an iconic Italian noble, mercenary leader, and...
Federico da Montefeltro: A Mercenary Captain’s Journey to Ducal Power
Born: 1422 (June)Death: 1482 (September) Federico III da Montefeltro, widely known as Federico da Montefeltro, was a preeminent mercenary captain or "condottiero" during the Italian Renaissance,...
The Life and Legacy of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
Legacy and Historical Impact: Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta's Military Campaigns. Born: 1417 (June)Death: 1468 (October) Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (1417-1468) was an influential Italian condottiero and nobleman from...
Francesco Sforza: From Condottiero to Duke of Milan
The Birth of a Dynasty: Sforza's Ascension to Power. "FRANCESCO SFORZA (Francesco da Cotignola) Of San Miniato. Francesco Sforza (1401-1466) was a leading Italian condottiero and...
Giovanni Acuto: John Hawkwood’s Influence on Italian Military History
The Life and Myths of Giovanni Acuto: The Cunning English Mercenary in Italy’s History. John Hawkwood, also known as Giovanni AcutoBorn: 1323Death: 1394 Born around 1323...
Castruccio Castracani: The Life & Legacy of a Medieval Condottiere
CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI (Castruccio degli Inteminelli, Castruccio degli Antelminelli) Of Lucca. Guelph family. Castruccio Castracani (1281-1328) was a prominent condottiere and ruler of Lucca in the...
